Effective treatment of joints, synovitis, arthritis and osteoarthritis

The joint pain not only complicates life, but, as a rule, indicates inflammatory processes and dangerous destructive that gradually restrict movements, and if the treatment or its absence is not in irreversible deformation and disability.

Arthrosis is the second largest cause of disability after cardiovascular diseases.At the same time, arthritis and osteoarthritis are often surprised by the still working population, that is, people disable, or are forced to constantly overcome pain to make a living.

So, why do joint pain occur and what are the methods available for Russians today, who will not only temporarily relieve pain, but will eliminate inflammation and stop the destruction of the joint?

Arthritis and osteoarthritis - Differences

Arthritis and osteoarthritis have similar names, since both diseases affect the joints.They differ in the nature of the changes in the joints.

InarthritisThe pain is associated with the inflammation of the joint tissue.In this disease, a synovial shell suffers, in which blood and lymph terminations, nerve endings are concentrated.Consequently, this affects both the food of the joint and the production of joint lubrication (synovial fluid), which nourishes the cartilage.

Arthritis can developAt any ageeven in children and adolescents (youth arthritis).In addition, the disease can be affectedAlmost any articulation, including the little one (fingertips), and you can also observe damage to the multiple joint -Polyartritis.

Long and existing arthritis leads to osteoarthritis, since the joint, in particular, the cartilage tissue suffers for a long time from the food deficiency, which comes from the synovial fluid.It is important not to "extinguish" inflammatory reactions with anti -inflammatory drugs, namelyfight against the cause of inflammation, for example, with the help of funds.

InosteoarthritisFirst, observedDestruction of the cartilage, covering the surface of the bone (and with a careless process, and the bone tissue itself).The cartilage stops dealing with the load that appears in it, and begins to collapse faster than it fixes to recover.The cartilage fabric is softened, the normal sliding of the articular surfaces is altered, any movement is accompanied by pain.

Osteoarthritis appears more oftenAfter 40 years.The lesion of large joints, such as knees (gonarrosis) and hip joints (coksarrosis), is more common and is the cause of disability and disability.Less common osteoarthrosis of the fingers, thumb osteoarthritis, temporomandibular joint, shoulder damage, elbow joint, etc.

Symptoms and signs

Arthritis symptoms:

• synovitis, that is, swelling, greater sensitivity or pain when touching, limiting the mobility of the joint;
• acute, painful pain, both in motion and at rest;
• Morning rigidity, due to the fact that edema develops in the joint time in the joint time.40-60 minutes after the start of the movement are needed.

With arthritis, general characteristics of inflammation can also be observed: fever, chills, sweating, general weakness.It can be manifested by headaches, weight loss.Symptoms of the disease are also observed, which caused inflammation: damage to the heart with rheumatoid arthritis, lungs and other organs with tuberculosis, etc.

Symptoms of osteoarthritis:

• The pain that occurs in the daytime effort, and not at rest.For example, knee pain and hip joint when walking, running, squatting, climbing the stairs, etc.Then, when it moves, the pain disappears (starting pains).There is severe pain in the knee and creak when it bends down.
• "Start" pains in the short term after the rest periods associated with the fact that the articular surfaces in which they were established (the result of the destruction of the cartilage and the bone tissue) rubs with each other.15-20 minutes after the start of the movement, the pain passes, since the deterioration is pushed.
• Continuous stupid night pains are more frequently at the beginning of the night due to venous stagnation.

Arthrosis is often accompanied by inflammatory reactions.Respectively, pain and swelling are observed, as in arthritis, and the disease itself is calledArthroso-artritis.

With prolonged osteoarthritis, mobility is often limited due to degenerative changes in the muscles, tendons (so -called contractures) occur (so -called contractures)joint deformation.Therefore, the disease is often calleddeforming osteoarthritiseitherdeforming osteoarthrosis.

Stages and degree of osteoarthritis

There are several stages of osteoarthritis, which, as a rule, are recognized by radiological images:

• First degree osteoarthrosis: changes in bone and cartilage are expressed weakly, as a rule, when performing computerized tomography.Pain and swelling occurs after moderate physical activity.The swelling of the joint passes after the break.
• Second degree cartilage tissue osteoarthrosis begins to collapse, bone tissue growth (osteophytes) appear along the edges of the joint, the joint space narrows, which leads to constant pain.Swelling and pain become constant.
• Osteoarthrosis is observed 3-4 degrees-extensive cartilage, as well as deprived of bone tissue protection.There is a constant swelling, the work of ligaments, muscle function, which leads to joint deformation is observed.The axial load on the joint is broken: deformation "or" or "x" in the joints.

What doctor do you contact with?

If there are suspicions of arthritis or osteoarthritis, you should consult a doctor for the correct diagnosis.In a regular clinic, this problem is aimed at a rheumatologist or traumatologist orthopedist, less frequently to the surgeon.In large diagnostic centers, you can reach an appointment with a arthrologist.This is a specialist who is directly dedicated to joint diseases.

Causes of arthritis and osteoarthritis

The main causes of arthritis:

• Rheumatoid(Sometimes they say rheumatic autoimmune disease), when the body's protective immune cells for some unknown reasons begin to kill their own body cells, taking them as strange (Rheumatoid arthritis).The nature of this disease is not completely clear.The disease often affects women (3-5 times, according to several sources).There is also juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (juvenile idiopathic arthritis), a childish form that occurs in children and adolescents under 16.
• Infectious diseases, in which symptoms of arthritis are observed, for example, tuberculosis, brucellosis, paneliosis transmitted by ticks, etc.
• Non -infectious disease(Psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.)
• Metabolic disorders, for example, drop.

The main causes of osteoarthritis:

• Injury- The most common reason.
• Congenital dysplasia(Violation of the joint surfaces of the bones) of the joint (for example, dysplastic coksis).In this case, the joints are excessively mobile, an increased load falls on them and wear is faster.
• Long and existing arthritis(Rheumatoid arthritis, joint tuberculosis, etc.).The violations of metabolism in the synovial fluid lead to insufficient cartilage nutrition, slow down the processes of renewal of dead cells and causes their destruction.
• Excessive physical activity, in particular, when they are dedicated to professional sports or monotonous production operations.It is observed that in the seamstresses the osteoarthritis of the joints of the hands occurs, in workers who use a jackhammer: elbow and shoulder joints.In other words, in the first place, the cartilage that has maximum load experiences for a long time suffers.
• Hormonal disorders.In women, this is often associated with menopause.

Regardless of what was a specific cause of arthritis or osteoarthritis, the main problem is the violation of the balance between the processes of destruction and restoration in the joint tissues.

At the cellular level, this means that in the joint:

• accumulateExcess damaged and dead cellsthat the body does not have time to eliminate;

• Not enough new functional cells are formed, which should replace dead cells and guarantee the correct functioning of the joint.

The difference in body reactions with arthritis and osteoarthritis is explained by the difference in the tissues of the affected joints.

With arthritis, damaged cells prevail in the synovial membrane and synovial fluid, and there the inflammation process is launched.Edema is a necessary body reaction to combat excessive cells damaged in soft tissues.

With osteoarthritis, damaged cells prevail in cartilaginous tissue, where another protection mechanism works: replace damaged functional cells with connective tissue (scars), which is not able to perform depreciation functions and does not have the ownership of elasticity, elasticity.

An excess of damaged cells can occur at the same time due to an injury, hypothermia, etc.In other cases, the accumulation of dead cells, a decrease in the functionality of the joint tissue occurs gradually due to daily charges (for example, when they practice sports, heavy or monotonous physical works), deteriorated, metabolic, hormonal and other processes innervation.In this sense, it is of great importance in the treatment of arthritis and osteoarthritis of risk factors.

Risk factors

All arthritis or osteoarthritis risk factors are associated with situations in which the processes of cell death in the joint begin to prevail over recovery processes:

• Hypodinamia.A sedentary lifestyle leads to a small microvibration of muscle fibers, the development of tissue stagnant processes, insufficient lymphatic flow and capillary blood flow and, consequently, leads to greater damage and premature death of healthy joint cells of the joint.
• Overweight.Excess body weight increases the load in the support joints: hip and knee.In addition, the fat lay complicates the flow to blood joints, so cartilage nutrition.It is observed that more weight women suffer from knee osteoarthritis 4 times more often than their thin peers.It is believed that a decrease in body weight by 1 kg reduces the load when walking through each knee or hip joint in 4 kg.
• Column diseases(Osteochondrosis, intervertebral hernia).In the spine there is a spinal cord through which nerve impulses pass to the muscles.If the passage of impulses is broken, the muscles do not work harmoniously and insufficiently amortize the blow when jumping, lowering the stairs, running and walking.Consequently, even with the natural daily loads of the joints, the joints of the joints are damaged and die more frequently.
• Elderly age.Body resources gradually exhaust.The fabric tower occurs everywhere, even in the joints, at different speeds, depending on the action of harmful factors and genetic predispositions.

Infections and non -infectious diseases in most cases are just a "trigger".Arthritis occurs, as a rule, in the presence of the above risk factors.Those.Inflammation occurs at the bottom of existing problems: insufficient blood flow, lymphatic flow, stagnation in the joints.Healthy cells, as a rule, effectively protect against infections and other "attacks."Therefore, it is important to treat not only the underlying disease that gave rise to arthritis, but also to the joints itself.

According to this general understanding, the principles of the effective treatment of the joints follow.

Cash joint treatment principles

The longer and the strongest the processes of destruction on the recovery process, the faster the moment of irreversible changes begin.In this sense, it is important as soon as possible to move the balance in the direction of recovery.

This is necessary:

• Clean fabricsFrom an excess of damaged cells formed as a result of injury, infection, autoimmune disorders (rheumatoid, etc.).This is necessaryStrengthen lymphatic flow.
• Improve blood supplyjoint fabrics, which will lead to the nativesImprovement of cell nutrition.As a result, the premature death process of the cells will stop, the restoration of the cartilage, the synovial membrane, the normalization of the composition of the synovial fluid, etc.
• Restore innervationfabricsThe deteriorated conductivity of nerve routes from the spinal cord to the joint can sometimes be the main cause of the development of the disease.
• MaximumReduce loadIn the affected joints in the first manifestations of the disease, to prevent greater premature cell death.Do not use heels, if possible to reduce weight, do not lift weights, walk and desce care, often alternating physical activity with total peace during the day, etc.This is a wide variety of measures, which, as a rule, implies a serious change in the form of the years of lifestyle.

Consider several types of treatment from the point of view of the first three of the previous principles of effectiveness.

Drug therapy (drugs)

In case of inflammationThe following drugs are used:

1. HETEPOIDENEO ANTI -INFLAMMATORY DRUGS (NSAIDs).The main mechanism of action of these medications is to slow down the inflammatory process and eliminate pain.Cleaning of dead cell tissues does not occur.They relieve the patient's condition, but do not slow down the progression of the process [3].These drugs are practically takenfor life, if there is no intolerance for them.In this case, side effects are often manifested: negatively affects the condition of the stomach membrane and intestines and prolonged useHave the development of gastritis, ulcers, ulcerative bleeding.Some NSAIDs negatively affect cartilage, thus causing the development of osteoarthritis [4].
2. Hormonal drugs, which are generally introduced directly into the joint in the form of injection.They are used only according to the strict indications of the doctor and in extreme cases with severe pain, which is not eliminated by NSAIDs.Hormonal medications suppress immunity and, consequently, the process of eliminating dead cells from the joints suffers.As a result of the treatment, the intensity of inflammation decreases, a person feels relief.There are side effects: the production of own hormones is reduced, metabolic processes, etc. can be violated.However, when the joint is introduced into the cavity of the joint, the effects of side effects on the body, in general, are lower than when you take tablets, however, they are also observed.The cause of the disease is not eliminated.
3. Cycostatic- A group of antitumor drugs that violate growth, development and division mechanismsAll cellsbody.In the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, they reduce the amount of antibodies that kill their own body cells.However, the formation processes of other cells are also violated, including hematopoiesis.Fabric cleaning does not happen.

Therefore, anti -inflammatory pharmacological therapy is only aimed at eliminating the symptoms of the disease, but not to the purification or nutrition of the articular tissues.Drugs only decrease speed, "freeze" the protective inflammatory process launched by the body.

Temporary pain elimination is also dangerous because the patient stops "saving" the painful leg.And this exacerbates the damage to cartilage and bones.Therefore, the disease inevitably returns, and pain only increases due to the appearance of additional damage during the imaginary "calm".And soon the only method is only the articulation prostheses.

Joint prostheses(Replacement of the artificial joint): a complex, expensive surgical intervention, in which they are possible serious postoperative complications (infection, deep vein thrombosis, inflammation of the nerves, etc.).A prosthesis is an artificial device that can replace the function of a certain organ.If the prosthesis is within the human body, then it is called endoprothesis.Endoprothetics of the joint is an operation to replace the components of the joint with implants, which have an anatomical form of a healthy joint and allow the entire volume of movements.After such operations, the patient forgets the pain in the joints and returns to active life.The center performs operations in the endoprotetics of large joints (knee, hip, shoulder, elbow) and small (fingertips).When an infection joins, osteomyelitis can be developed, which requires the elimination of prostheses and the affected areas of the bones.The functionality of the prosthesis is less than that of the real articulation.During the falls and careless movements, the dislocations, the fractures of fragments of the artificial joint are possible, which requires a second operation.High risk of becoming a disabled wheelchair.

For attempts to restore cartilage, the composition of the synovial fluid, the following drugs are used:

1. Condroprotectors.They are assigned to restore joint cartilage.These medications (mainly on dietary supplements) are widely used.However, numerous studies showLack of effect even compared to placebo!

2. Hyaluronic acid- An important component of the cartilage.It is an important structural component of the cartilage matrix, protects it from wear.The medication based on it can be administered in the joint in the form of injections only after eliminating the inflammatory process.The cost of an injection depends on the concentration of the medication and the manufacturer, a course implies several injections.The introduction of this acid temporarily protects the articulation of additional damage.HoweverAn artificially introduced medication does not stimulate the production of its own acidTherefore, courses must be constantly repeated to maintain the effect.

In addition to pharmacological treatment, there are additional methods:

• laser therapy;
• cryotherapy (cold treatment);
• heating;
• Magnetotherapy;
• Electromomio stimulation;
• phonoforesis (ultrasound);
• Drug treatment containing gold, etc.

However, the effectiveness of these methods in terms of healing arthritis and osteoarthritis under a great question [5], since theyDoes not guarantee the elimination of the main reasonDiseases: Violations of the balance between the destruction and restoration of the articular tissue.

A new understanding of the benefits of physiotherapy exercises (exercise therapy)

Medical exercises, aerobic training, swimming: an effective means to prevent and treat osteoarthritis.They are aimed at restoring the mobility of the joint and increasing blood flow in this area, and consequently can stimulate the cleaning and restoration of the articular tissue.

During physical exercises, workingMuscles create the energy of biological microvibration*which is necessary for transport and metabolic processes at the cellular level.The lymphatic and blood vessels are not suitable for each body of the body, for each micro-post.The cells do not have their own vehicles, therefore, to move and contact each other, they need to "shake them", which is guaranteed by the contractile activity of muscle fibers, that is, muscle work.

Muscles create the energy of micrivation constantly (even during sleep), only power differs.The absence of microvibation indicates the death of a person.The microvibration level, sufficient for the nutrition and cleaning of all tissues, including the joints, only arisesWith physical muscle tension.

That is why exercise therapy is recommended in the treatment of osteoarthritis and has a healing effect.

Unfortunately,Medical Physical Education has serious restrictions:

• Exercise therapy can only be carried out after the elimination of inflammation during remission;
• The exercises are not recommended for severe pain;
• People in old age have a complete bouquet of diseases or severe joint degradation that no longer allows exercise;
• Peoplewith great weightThey can only be done through a limited amount of physical exercises (in a liar position, sit) to restore the joints of the hip and knee, since when walking and similar loads, the joints experience overload and continue to collapse;
• Exercise therapy will be effective in frequent regular classes, when classes alternate with rest periods for the joint.As a general rule, people are forced to go to work, have a series of family responsibilities that do not allow them to devote themselves completely (for a long time) exercise therapy with rest periods.
• Exercise therapy can be ineffective if osteoarthritis was a consequence of physical overload and distributing changes in joint tissues.Muscle cells are already exhausted, and the additional load can lead to their death.
• Exercise therapy does not solve the problem of restoring the conductivity of nerve paths, that is, in the presence of LFK column diseases, it will be ineffective, since nerve impulses will reach the joint area badly.

Therefore, exercise therapy is an effective treatment for osteoarthritis (but not arthritis) not too old with a failed stage of the disease in the absence of other aggravating diseases.

Cleaning and restoration of articular tissue using phonation

However, there is an exit to the situation!Biological microvibration energy can be obtained from the outside using vibroacoustic therapy (phonation).

Foning consists of transmitting sound microvibration (frequency range 30 - 20,000 Hz) in the body of a person or animal using a special compact medical apparatus.Such sound microvibations are natural to the body: in their physical characteristics, they are similar to the biological microvibations that create muscle tissue with a maximum static physical stress.

Therefore, telephony, applicable at home, is this direct alternative to physical exercises.At the same time, the effect of this therapy is greater, since it is an external "clean" resource in relation to the body, and does not require its muscle costs.The microvibation energy is directed to the point of the affected joint, at a depth of 10 cm.Due to the external source, the muscle tissue exhausted during the period of hypodinamia, physical overload, stress, hypothermia, restoration of its contractile activity and, therefore, the necessary level of micrivation (microdistan).

Despite its simplicity of exposure, telephony has numerous therapeutic effects:

• Improves lymphatic flow in the field of exposure and, consequently, helps clean the tissues and early completion of the inflammatory process.ThisA unique propertyThe physiotherapy method, which is inaccessible to pharmacological therapy.At the moment, no drug can directly affect lymphatic flow.
• It improves blood flow and, consequently, the nutrition of each cell;
• promotes joint lubrication;
• Contribute to the exit of the stem cell deposit: the ancestors of all the functional cells of the body, including the articular tissue cells;
• Improves the conductivity of nerve pathways with prolonged effects in the problematic area of the spine.

In this case, telephony does not have a side effect, but has a prolonged effect.

The effectiveness of telephony (vibroacoustic therapy) in the treatment of the joints was demonstrated by numerous studies.

The scientifically proven effectiveness in the treatment of arthritis and osteoarthritis reaches 70-90% according to the study.